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Caffeine, a well-known central nervous system stimulant, is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world. Commonly found in coffee, tea, and energy drinks, it […]

Niacinamide (also known as nicotinamide) is the water-soluble, active form of Vitamin B3. This active ingredient has been incorporated in many cosmetic and topical agents (e.g. […]

Caprylyl glycol, also known by its chemical name 1,2-Octanediol, is a multifunctional ingredient widely used in skincare and haircare formulations. With its molecular formula CH3(CH2)5CHOHCH2OH, this […]

Konjac root powder is derived from *Amorphophallus konjac*, a plant native to Yunnan in southwest China, known for its edible corm. This vegetable is also referred […]

Azulene, an aromatic organic compound, stands as an isomer of naphthalene, with a distinct characteristic – it is dark blue in colour, unlike the colourless naphthalene. […]

Sorbic acid, also known as 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a straight-chained monocarboxylic acid. It was first isolated by German chemist A. W. Hoffmann in 1859 through the […]

Allantoin, also known as aluminum dihydroxy allantoinate, is an extract derived from Symphytum. These species are better known by their common name, comfrey. Comfrey is found throughout entire […]

Licorice extract is derived from a plant called Glycyrrhiza glabra, which is known as one of the ancient herbal remedies. In skincare products, the active ingredient […]